A lot.
First, by getting rid of corporate income and payroll taxes you reduce the cost of complience raidcally to business. Estimates are that between 23-25% of the price of everything you buy is actually tax - before you pay sales tax - that is passed on through business transactions to you as a consumer. Its just hidden.
So, by removing those taxes and replacing them with a national sales tax
the retail price of goods, including the tax, does not materially change. What changes is the cost of complience - it goes through the floor. This frees huge amounts of capital for business expansion.
Second, the "luxury tax" was
on top of other taxes AND it applied only to certain purchases. This applies to
everything. So a rich guy can't get around it if he wants to spend money on something new. Since the total price (with tax) is no higher than it is today, there is no reason for evasion.
Third, encouraging people to invest instead of spend is a
good thing, not bad. Investment is why you have a job, and why everyone else does too. By punishing this through taxing wealth (instead of consumption) we punish those that do well. They are thus incented not to take as much risk and to avoid exposing their wealth to taxation.
If you're rich, what good does it do you? There are two things you can do - you can spend money, which helps others (you buy things) or you can invest (which helps others.) If we simply steal your money (through taxing it) then we remove your incentive to earn more of it, and give you an incentive to find legal ways to hide it from the tax man. It is far better for society as a whole if you invest than spend, although inevitably you will spend.
The millionaires will still buy their yachts, because they want them, and whether its a yacht, a vacation cruise, a new Bentley or a mansion they will have to pay the tax if they buy it new.
Yes, the tax is applied to the fuel you buy to drive to work.
The reason this tax system is not regressive is that every household (of legal status - illegals don't get the benefit here) receives from the federal government a check every month - in advance - for the amount of tax which would be collected on a poverty-level income for the number of persons in that home. So, if the poverty level income for you is $11,000 a year, you would recieve a check for 1/12th of the tax on $11,000 every month.
The net result is that a person who lives at the poverty level pays no tax (they can't spend more than they make)
A person who lives at twice the poverty level pays 1/2 the tax rate (the first half of their expense is tax-free, the second is not.)
As you make more money, the influence of the "prebate" drops off. This creates a progressive tax system.
What we have now is HUGELY regressive on the working poor. For those who are at or near the poverty line FICA and Medicare are tremendous burdens for which there is no recovery. The Fair Tax fixes that.
You need to read the book.... its all in there...
