I can pretty much guarantee you that elbow has failed. Look at the pitting inside it. And the exhaust housing is chunked up with rust scale.
Find a shop or a friend that has blasting equipment to confirm, but I'd bet money that once you get that turbine housing descaled you'll have an eighth of an inch clearance between the turbine and the housing. Spec is usually maximum .040".
I've rebuilt a lot of turbochargers in my career and I've never seen one fail from sooting, or not using a "cleaner" on the intake.