I have some observations:
First, they have an effect on diesel. Not sure why putting a non-magnetic liquid through a magnetic field would do anything, but it does.
It appears the biggest effect is the products ability to dis-aglomerate (is that a word?) sludgey fuel and pass it through your filter. The frequently of filter replacement will be reduced.
The amount of smoke (soot?) out the exhaust will also be reduced. Perhaps because the sludgey fuel is being emulsified.
At the MIBS, I noted Detroit Diesel is now selling them as accessories. That says something.
Claims that these devices save fuel are doubtful.
Before you buy, check out DieselTEX, and Vostec as well. Forget the snap on units from no name companies as they have been shown to be ineffective.
If it were me, I would buy one unit and run a side by caparison using the unmodified engine as a control. Give it a shot, I don't see how it could hurt anything.
I recall a discussion on Boatdiesel.com which addressed this. There might be some new info since I last looked.